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物體以初速度v₀作豎直上拋運(yùn)動(dòng)，上升過程可以看成是兩種簡(jiǎn)單直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成，合速度用v_y表示，以y為正方向，重力加速度g已知，下列說法正確的是

A．v_y比兩分速度都大

B．某分速度隨時(shí)間t的變化規(guī)律是v_t= v₀ - gt

C．某分速度隨時(shí)間t的變化規(guī)律是v_t= gt

D．某分速度隨時(shí)間t的變化規(guī)律是v_t= - gt

解析　(1)小球從曲面上滑下，只有重力做功，由機(jī)械能守恒定律知：

mgh＝mv                                                       ①

得v₀＝＝ m/s＝2 m/s.

(2)小球離開平臺(tái)后做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)，小球正好落在木板的末端，則

H＝gt²                                                                                                                                                      ②

＝v₁t                                                                                                                ③

聯(lián)立②③兩式得：v₁＝4 m/s

設(shè)釋放小球的高度為h₁，則由mgh₁＝mv

得h₁＝＝0.8 m.

(3)由機(jī)械能守恒定律可得：mgh＝mv²

小球由離開平臺(tái)后做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)，可看做水平方向的勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)和豎直方向的自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)，則：

y＝gt²                                                                                                                                                       ④

x＝vt                                                                                                                       ⑤

tan 37°＝                                                                                                          ⑥

v_y＝gt                                                                                                                      ⑦

v＝v²＋v                                                       ⑧

E_k＝mv                                                      ⑨

由④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨式得：E_k＝32.5h                                                                       ⑩

考慮到當(dāng)h>0.8 m時(shí)小球不會(huì)落到斜面上，其圖象如圖所示

答案　(1)2 m/s　(2)0.8 m　(3)E_k＝32.5h　圖象見解析